To prevent these risks, organizations must implement robust data security measures such as encryption, secure storage, access controls, and regular security audits.
The proliferation of machine learning systems in critical societal domains necessitates a rigorous examination of inherent algorithmic biases. This research critically analyzes the systemic mechanisms of bias propagation in computational decision-making.
Categorical variables represent categories or groups, which can be nominal (no intrinsic order, like colors) or ordinal (with a specific order, like sizes: small, medium, large).
